Mu 20 Mukubwekaangala, 2023, mbunga ya US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakaambilizya kuzwa kwamulawu uuyeeyelwa kunsi aaChibeela 6(a) cha Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) uukasya kubelesya methylene chloride. EPA yakaamba kuti kulanga-langa kwayo kwakubula bumboni bwa ntenda zya dichloromethane kwakali akaambo kantenda zijatikizyidwe ababelesi, aabo batabelesyi (ONUs), basikuula, alimwi abaabo bali afwaafwi abasikuula. Kabunga kakwabilila busena kakajana ntenda zikonzya kuchitika kubuumi bwamuntu akaambo kakuyoya akujatikizyigwa achikumba a methylene chloride, kubikkilizya akujaya boongo, ntenda ku chitaka, antoomwe a kkansa. EPA yakaamba kuti mulawu wayo wakulanganya ntenda "uyoocheesya chakufwambaana" kupanga methylene chloride, kubamba akwaabila kuliboonse basikuula alimwi akubelesya mumakkampani amumakwebo, bunji bwazyo ziyoozuzikizigwa mumyezi ilikkumi amusanu. EPA yakabona kuti mubunji bwakubelesya dichloromethane, inga yasala kuti ilesyegwe. Kuvwuntauzya kwakatondeezya kuti nzila zimbi zyakubelesya mubusena bwa dichloromethane zili amuulo weelene akubeleka kabotu zilajanwa. Mulawu uuyeeyelwa wamwaigwa mu Federal Register, chiindi chamazuba aali 60 chakupa mizeezo chiyootalika.
Mubbuku lyamulawu uuyeeyelwa kunsi aa TSCA Section 6(b), EPA yakajana kuti methylene chloride ilakonzya kuchisa buumi, kakutalangwi muulo naakuti zimwi zintu zitali muntenda, kubikkilizya antenda iitali kabotu mubukkale bwakubelesya (COU) kuli baabo bazyibidwe kuti balakonzya kujatikizyigwa naakuti balakonzya kuchisa methylene chloride 2020. Kugwisya ntenda zitali kabotu, EPA ilalumbaizya, kweendelana aChibeela 6(a) cha TSCA:
EPA yaamba kuti zyoonse TSCA COUs zya dichloromethane (kutali kubelesyegwa kwayo mumapenti aakubelesya akugwisya penti, eezyo zibeleka zyaandeene aansi aa TSCA Section 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, March 27, 2019)) zili munsi lyachipego eechi. Kweelana a EPA, TSCA ipandulula COUs kuti nzintu zilangilwa, zizyibidwe, naakuti zikonzya kuchitika aawo musamu nuupangwa, uubelesegwa, uumwaigwa, uubelesegwa, naakuti uusowelwa kuchitila makwebo. EPA ilikukumbila bantu kuti baambe mizeezo yabo aatala azintu zisiyene-siyene zya muzeezo ooyu.
Kweelana alugwalo lwa EPA, EPA yakabandika a Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mukubamba mulawu ooyu "mpawo yakalanga-langa zyeelelo zya OSHA ziliwo mukupanga nzila zyakukwabilila babelesi." zyeelelo zyakugwisya ntenda zitali kabotu. Basikulemba milimu bayooba amwaka omwe wakutobela WCPP nikwakamana EPA kugwisya milawu yamamanino yakulanganya ntenda mpawo bayooyandika kulanga-langa masena aabo aakubelekela lyoonse kuchitila kuti babelesi batajatikizyigwi a methylene chloride, eeyo iikonzya kuleta ntenda iitali kabotu.
EPA "ilomba bantu kuti balange mulawu ooyu mpawo bape mizeezo yabo." EPA yakaamba kuti "yakayandisya kumvwa mizeezo yambunga ziyandikana kuti zibelesyegwe pulogilamu eeyi aatala akukonzeka akubeleka kabotu kwazyeelelo zyakukwabilila babelesi." EPA, iyoobamba muswaangano uujalukide kuli basikubalemba milimu ababelesi mumviki ziboola, "asi iyoogwasya kuliboonse bayandaula nzila zyakweendelezya zyaambwa kuti babandike makanze aayeeyelwa." .
Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) balasinsima nzila zya EPA zyakukwabilila methylene chloride anzila zipati zyakweendelezya. mulawu wa EPA ngwaakayeeyela uleendelana azyaambwa mumulawu wakulanganya ntenda zya chrysotile, kubikkilizya anzila zyakukasya kubelesya, nzila zimbi zyakubelesya muchiindi chifwiifwi aansi aa TSCA Chibeela 6(g) (nkokuti, lukwabililo lwachisi azintu ziyandikana) antoomwe akuyeeyelwa kwakubelesya misamu iikola (EC) iili munsi kapati aamilawu yakubeleka minyinza yakutondezya. Munsi, twapandulula twaambo tunji bantu bamuchiinga chili mulawu ntobeelede kulanga-langa nibalibambila nzyobaamba bantu aatala amilawu iiyeeyelwa, mpawo twayeezya boonse mbociyandika kuswaangana a EPA kumatalikilo muzintu zitali zyeendelezyegwa kutegwa bape makani aajatikizya milimo yamilawu mubukkale oobo. Milawu, kubikkilizya a TSCA.
Twapegwa malailile mapya aa EPA aa "makemikalu woonse", tatugambwi pe kubona kuti EPA njayanda kuchita mulawu "nkukasya kubelesya dichloromethane mumakkampani amumakwebo." Nokuba boobo, EPA ilaa nzila mpati yakuzumizya kuti zimwi zintu zikasyidwe zizumanane kweendelanya akutobela milawu ya WCPP. Twaamba ezi nkaambo Chibeela 6(a) cha TSCA chaamba kuti EPA yeelede "kubelesya ziyandikana zyakugwisya ntenda zitali kabotu kusikila mpokugolela kuchitila kuti musamu naakuti musamu utachikwe ntenda ziliboobu." Ikuti WCPP antoomwe a ECEL yakwabilila buumi abusena, mbuli mbokwaambidwe a EPA, inga kwaboneka kuti kukasya kubelesya zimwi zintu kulainda amulawu wa "kuyandika". Nikuba kuti WCPP ilakwabilila, kukasya kubelesya kwabasikuula kuliwo kuliluzi nkaambo basikuula tabakonzyi kutondezya akulemba kutobela milawu yakukwabilila iili mu WCPP. Kulubazu lumwi, ikuti naa busena bwakubelekela bulakonzya kutondezya akulemba kutobela zyeelelo zya WCPP, nkokuti kulalangilwa kuti kubelesya ooku kweelede kuzumanana kuzumizyigwa.
Mbuli chibeela chazyeelelo zya WCPP, EPA yakaamba kuti inga yayanda "kutobela Nzila Zibotu Zyakubelesya Mu laboratory [GLP] 40 CFR Part 792′′. Eechi chiyandisyo chiliimpene amilimo minji yakulanga-langa kubusena bwakubelekela ichitwa kweendelana azyeelelo zya Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (IHLAP) zyeelelo zya GPALP zyakulanga-langa mubusena bwakubelekela. kweendelana amulawu wakusunka wakapegwa mu 2021, pesi kutali mulawu wakuzumizya uuzumizyidwe. Mbuli chitondeezyo, EPA TSCA Cibeela 5(e) chikozyano chamulawu chilapandulula zitobela muChibeela III.D:
Nokuba boobo, kutobela milawu ya TSCA GLP takuyandiki pe muchibeela eechi chipya cha Chemical Exposure Limits, ooko nzila zyakuvwuntauzya nkozizumizigwa a laboratory iizumizyidwe a: American Industrial Hygiene Association ("AIHA") Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program ("IHLAP"). naakuti imwi pulogilamu iikozyenye yakazumizigwa mubbuku a EPA.
EPA yakakumbila kuti bantu bape mizeezo yabo aatala amulawu ooyu, ooyo B&C ngwaakalumbaizya kuti aabo bakonzya kujatikizyigwa beelede kulanga-langa. Mbuli chitondeezyo, EPA ili mukubandika nguzu zili munsi lya TSCA Section 6(g) zyakuzumizya chiindi chifwiifwi kuchita zintu zimwi zilimbuli ndeke zyabantu, mpawo EPA ilakazya kuti kutobela zyeelelo zyaambwa inga "kunyonganya...zibelesyo ziyandikana." "Twabona kuti ooku kulekelelwa kuyoobikkilizya akutobela WCPP Mbubwenya buyo, ikuti WCPP kailikwabilila mpawo busena bulakonzya kutobela WCPP (nkokuti ECEL iitakwe kkansa 2 zibeela muli miliyoni (ppm) antoomwe achiindi chifwiifwi (STEL) 16 zibeela muli miliyoni), ibbala eeli lilibonya kuti lilainda zyeelelo zyakukwabilila buumi abusena. tazizulide pe kulanga ntenda mpawo kulesyegwa kulakonzya kunyonganya zibeela zipati (nkokuti zyakukwabilila, zyakujulu, zyakuyasya). zilakkomanisya boonse, pesi mumizeezo yesu, tazizuzikizyi pe mulawu waChibeela 6 cha EPA 'T.
EPA yaamba lugwalo lwa 2022 lujisi mutwe wakuti "Kulingula nzila zimbi zyakubelesya Dichloromethane" (chibalo 40 mumulawu uuyeeyelwa) mumulawo woonse uuyeeyelwa. Kwiinda mukulanga-langa ooku, EPA yakaamba kuti "yakajana zintu zijisi zintu zimwi zijisi zyeelelo zyakupima ntenda zili munsi aa dichloromethane alimwi azintu zimwi zijisi zyeelelo zyakupima ntenda zili atala a dichloromethane (ref. 40)". Aawo chiindi chakwaamba ooku, EPA tiiyakabikka lugwalo oolu ku Rulemaking Checklist, mpawo EPA tiiyakachita kuti lujanike mubbuku lyayo lyabuvwuntauzi bwabuumi abusena (HERO) lya intaneti. Kakwiina kulanga-langa twaambo tulimuchibalo eechi, tazikonzeki pe kulanga-langa kweelela kwanzila zimbi zyakubelesya. Nzila zimbi zyakugwisya penti tazikonzyi kubeleka mbuli zintu zipa penti, mbuli eezyo zibelesyegwa kusalazya zibelesyo zyamagesi mundeke.
Twakaamba kubula malembe atala aawa nkaambo mbunga zijatikizyidwe akulesyegwa kwa EPA ziyooyandika makani aaya kutegwa zizyibe naa nzila zimbi zilakonzya kubelesegwa, kulanga-langa ntenda zikonzya kuba akaambo kanzila zimbi zyeelede (eezyo zinga zyaleta ntaamu zyakumbele zya TSCA), alimwi akulibambila mizeezo yabantu boonse. . Tulabona kuti EPA yaku Amelika ili mukubandika twaambo "tumwi" ootu mumulawu wayo wa chrysotile, ooyo uubikkilizya makanze aa US EPA aakulesya kubelesya chrysotile muma diaphragms abelesyegwa mumakwebo aa chlor-alkali. EPA ilazumina kuti "nzila zimbi zyakupanga ma diaphragms aajisi asbestos mukupanga chlor-alkali zyayungizya bunji bwa perfluoroalkyl a polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) kweelanisigwa amweelwe wama PFAS aali muma diaphragms aajisi asbestos," pesi taikonzyi kweezyanisya ntenda zikonzya kuba akaambo kakubelesya nzila zimbi.
Mukuyungizya kumakani aakweendelezya ntenda aali atala aawa, tusyoma kuti kulanga-langa kwa Environmental Protection Agency kwa US Environmental Protection Agency kujatikizya ntenda zikonzya kucitika akaambo kakubelesya musamu wa dichloromethane kucilijisi tumpenda tupati mumulawo. Mbuli mbukwabandikwa mubbuku lyesu lya Nov. 11, 2022, EPA lyoonse ilaamba kubelesya kwayo lugwalo lwa 2018 lwiitwa kuti "Kubelesya Kuvwuntauzya Kwanzila Iibambidwe Ku TSCA Risk Assessment" ("2018 SR Document") mbuli ntalisyo yakuchita mikuli yayo. Chiyandisyo chibelesya data yasayaansi iili kabotu loko abumboni bwasayaansi mbuli mbukwaambidwe muChibeela 26(h) a (i) cha TSCA kweendelana. Mbuli chitondeezyo, EPA yaamba mumulawu wayo uujatikizya methylene chloride kuti:
EPA ibona kuti dichloromethane ECEL njiimininwa asayaansi iinda kubota iiliwo kunsi aa TSCA Section 26(h) nkaambo yakazwa kumakani aakajanwa kuzwa ku 2020 dichloromethane risk assessment, eeyo yakazwa mukuvwuntauzya kwakacitwa. kulanga-langa kuti kubone naa kuli ntenda zikonzya kuchitika kubuumi. [muzila munsi]
Mbuli mbutwakalemba chiindi, chikolo cha National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) chakalanga lugwalo lwa 2018 SR aawo EPA niyakakumbila mpawo chakamanizya kuti:
Nzila ya OPPT yakulanga-langa zintu munzila iili kabotu tiitondezyi bwini mbozibede zintu, [alimwi] OPPT yeelede kulanga-langa nzila yayo yakulanga-langa zintu munzila iili kabotu akulanga-langa nzyobaamba alimwi anzila zyaambwa zili mulipooti eeyi.
Basikubala balayeezyegwa kuti TSCA Cibeela 26(h) chiyanda kuti EPA isale kweendelana asayaansi iili kabotu loko kweendelana a TSCA Chibeela 4, 5, a 6, eezyo zibikkilizya milawu anzila zilimbuli kulanga-langa munzila iili kabotu. Mukuyungizya, kubelesya kwa EPA kwalugwalo lwa 2018 SR mukulanga-langa kwayo kwamamanino ntenda zya dichloromethane akwalo kwaleta kudooneka kujatikizya kutobela kwa EPA kuzyeelelo zyabumboni bwasayaansi zilembedwe mu Cibeela 26(i) ca TSCA, eeco EPA ncoibamba kuti “nzila yakuvwuntauzya iibambidwe kabotu” yakujana bumboni naa munzila iigaminide. …”
Milawu yobile yakabikkwa a EPA kunsi aa TSCA Cibeela 6(a), nkokuti Chrysotile a Methylene Chloride, yakabikka milawu ya EPA yakulanganya ntenda kumakemikalu mapati aali kkumi aayo EPA ngabona kuti alakonzya kuleta ntenda zitali kabotu. Mizeezo imwi ilabelesyegwa mukulanga-langa ntenda kwamamanino. Makkampani abelesya zintu eezyi ayelede kulibambila kulesyegwa, WCPP, naakuti kugwisigwa kwachiindi chifwiifwi kuyandika kutobela WCPP. B&C ilalumbaizya kuti basikutola lubazu balange-lange milawu ya methylene chloride, nikuba kuti basikubala tababelesyi methylene chloride, mpawo bape mizeezo yeelede, kabazyi kuti nzila zyakweendelezya ntenda zya methylene chloride zilakonzya kuba zimwi zyeelelo zya EPA zyakumbele. mulawu. Makemikalu ajisi ntenda yamamanino (nkokuti 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorethylene antoomwe a trichlorethylene).
Kuliimya: Akaambo kakuti makani aaya mapya, makani aapegwa aawa taakonzyi kubeleka mubukkale boonse, alimwi taayelede kutobelwa kakunyina lulayo lwamumulawo kweelana abukkale bwanu.
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