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Kakwiindide kuvwuntauzya kwa Center for Public Integrity kujatikizya lufwu lwa methylene chloride kwamyaka minji, mbunga ya US Environmental Protection Agency mu 2019 yakakasya kusambalwa kwamapenti aajisi musamu ooyu kuli basikuula, alimwi basazinyina babantu bakajaigwa abasikukwabilila lukwabililo bazumanana kutalisya mulimo wakusinikizya bantu. Bbunga lyakukwabilila busena lili mukubweza ntaamu.
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Chibunga chiyanda zyiingi: babelesi, baamba kuti, tabakwabilidwe amilawu miche. Bunji bwabantu bafwa akaambo kakunywa musamu wa methylene chloride bafwa kumulimu. Zigwisya penti teensi nzizyo zilikke nzyokonzya kuzijana.
Lino Environmental Protection Agency ilaa muzeezo wakukasya kubelesya methylene chloride—zimwi zintu zitabelesyegwi zichili kubeleka, pesi nzisyoonto loko.
"Ndagambwa mbichani, ulizyi?" Munyina wa Brian Wynn, Drew, wamyaka yakuzyaligwa ilimakkumi otatwe aumwi, wakafwa mu 2017 naakali kugwisya penti kuzwa mufiliji yakkampani. Wynn kumatalikilo wakayeeya kuti EPA's 2019 ntaamu yakulwana basikugwisya penti "yakali kunooli kule loko nkotwakali kukonzya kuchita—twakaswaangana abwaanda bwazitina bwabasikugwasilizya a Congress aabo bakabbadelwa kuti balesye bantu baliboobu." mbuli ndiswe mpawo bakasinizya kuti mpindu zyabo zyakasaanguna akukwabililwa.” “
mulawu ooyu wakayeeyelwa ulakonzya kukasya kubelesya methylene chloride muzintu zyoonse zibelesyegwa abantu "akubelesya mumakkampani amumakwebo," mbunga yakaamba muchibalo nsondo yainda.
Environmental Protection Agency yakaamba kuti ilangila kuti mulawu ooyu uyootalika kubeleka mumweezi waChiloba 2024. Milawu yaFederal yeelede kwiinda munzila iipa kuti bantu babe acoolwe chakusungwaazya mpindu yamamanino.
Eeyi misamu, alimwi yiitwa kuti methylene chloride, ilajanwa mumashelufu aasambalila zintu zilimbuli zintu zigwisya mafuta aamabbulashi aabelesyegwa mukupenta akupenta. Chibelesyegwa mumakwebo aakunamatizya akujala. Basikupanga balaibelesya kupanga makemikalu aambi.
Eeyi mbunga yakaamba kuti bantu batasiki ku 85 bakafwa akaambo kakufwambaana kujatikizyigwa a methylene chloride kuzwa mu 1980, kubikkilizya ababelesi bakayiisigwa zyakukwabilila azibelesyo zyakulikwabilila.
Mweelwe ooyu uzwa muchiiyo cha 2021 cha OSHA antoomwe a Yunivesiti yaku California, San Francisco, eecho chakabala mweelwe wabantu bafwide lino kweendelanya akubalwa kwa Public Integrity kwakaindi. Mweelwe ooyu ulakonzya kuba muniini nkaambo imwi nzila methylene chloride njajaya bantu nkwiinda mukuleta bulwazi bwamoyo, oobo kuli sikulangilila bulibonya mbuli lufu luzwa kuzintu zyacilengwaleza ccita kuti muntu kayanda kuchita ziiyo zya toxicology.
Nate Bradford Jr. ubelekela kukwabilila buumi bwabantu basiya. Chiindi eechi cha Heist chilaamba zyakulwana kwakwe kwakupona kulwana makani aamfulumende aakusalulula balimi basiya. Amulembesye kuti mujane makani aajatikizya zyintu zicitika alimwi akuzyibisyigwa ciindi zibeela zipya nozizwa.
Kweelana a Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), musamu ooyu wakapa kuti kube "mapenzi mapati alimwi aatola chiindi chilamfu" mbuli kkansa kubantu bakajatikizyigwa amusamu ooyu, pesi teensi pe.
"Ntenda zya methylene chloride zilizyibidwe," mbunga yakalemba mumulawu wakayeeyelwa.
Kuvwuntauzya kwa 2015 kwa Public Integrity kwakajana kuti zyoolwe zyakuvwuna buumi zyakali kusweekelwa kuzwa kuliba 1970. Nokuba boobo, lufu lunji lwakachitika nikwakamana mbunga yakukwabilila busena yakasaanguna kukankaizya mulawu ooyu mu January 2017, kumamanino aabweendelezi bwa Obama, mpawo bweendelezi bwa Trump bwakachedesya muzeezo ooyu kusikila bakasinikizyigwa kubweza ntaamu.
Liz Hitchcock, mweendelezi wa Safer Chemicals for Healthier Families, mbunga yamilawu yafulumende yakukwabilila buumi bwakumbele butakwe misamu iikola, uli akati kabaabo bakabeleka kwamyaka myiingi kumanizya kujaya bantu kwakachitwa a methylene chloride. Wakatambula kwaambilizya kwakukasya ooku mbuli "buzuba bupati".
"Alimwi, bantu bali mukufwa akaambo kakubelesya makemikalu aaya," mbwaakaamba. "Chiindi bantu nibabelesya misamu eeyi, bantu bali afwaafwi balachiswa mpawo bantu balachiswa malwazi aatasilikiki akaambo kakubelesya misamu eeyi. Tuyanda kuti tukwabilile bantu biingi."
Asi wakakkomana kumvwa kuti Environmental Protection Agency isyoma kuti mulawu taukonzyi kumanizyigwa kwamyezi ilikkumi amusanu.
Lauren Atkins, ooyo mwanaakwe musankwa Joshua wamyaka yakuzyaligwa ilimakkumi otatwe aumwi wakafwa mu 2018 naakamana kubelesya penti yakupenta bbasiketi lyakwe lya BMX, ulikwe penzi lyakuti kubelesya penti takukakilwi pe. Wakatyompwa kapati kubona mabbanga aaya muchisambazyo.
"Ndakali afwaafwi kuzwa muzisani zyangu kusikila ndakamanizya bbuku lyoonse, mpawo ndakalimvwa kuusa loko," Atkins wakaamba. Nikwakainda lufu lwamwanaakwe musankwa, makanze aakwe akali aakugwisya methylene chloride kumusika kuchitila kuti itajayi pe. kufumbwa muntu umbi. "Ndakasweekelwa mwanaangu musankwa, asi mwanaangu wakasweekelwa zyoonse."
Bbunga lyakukwabilila busena lyakaamba kuti kubelesya misamu eeyi mukupanga misamu iikola takubikkilizyidwe amulawu wa Toxic Substances Control Act, aboobo takukasyidwe amilawu yakayeeyelwa. Eeyi mbunga yakaamba kuti babelesi bazumanana kubelesya methylene chloride mumilimo imwi iizumizyidwe amuzeezo ooyu bayookwabililwa a “Pulogilamu Iilanganya Makemikalu Aakubeleka Iijisi Milawu Iikatazya.” Methylene chloride ilakonzya kujaya aawo busi nobubungana mumasena aajalidwe.
Kubelesya kumwi kupati kuyoozumanana mukati kazyeelelo eezyi, kubikkilizya amulimu "uuyandika" naakuti "uuyandika kapati" wabasikalumamba, NASA, Federal Aviation Administration, abasikukontrakita babo; kubelesya muma laboratory; I US amakampeni aabelesya mbuli chintu chakusandula naa kuchipanga kuti chibelesyegwe, Environmental Protection Agency yakaamba.
Kusiya buyo mbunga zyamfulumende, methylene chloride taichanwi pe muzibelesyo zyakugwisya penti. Eechi chintu nchintu chijaya bantu biingi akati kababelesi babambulula mabbafa aakaindi mumaanda amumaanda.
Alimwi methylene chloride taikazumizyigwi limbi kubelesegwa mumakwebo amumakkampani mukugwisya mafuta, kugwisya zintu zinamatika, kumanizya zisani, mafuta aajisi maanzi, ma glue aakulikondelezya alimwi amulongo mulamfu wazintu zimbi zibelesyegwa.
"Lino, bantu babalilwa ku 845,000 balimuchiimo cha methylene chloride aabusena bwakubelekela," Environmental Protection Agency yakaamba muchibalo. "Muchizuminano cha EPA, babelesi batasiki ku 10,000 balangilwa kuzumanana kubelesya methylene chloride akutobelezya mapulogilamu aakwabililwa kuzwa kuntenda zitali kabotu."
Dr. Robert Harrison, mufundisi wabusilisi bwakubeleka abusena ku Yunivesiti yaku California, San Francisco, walikubeleka a methylene chloride kwamyaka iili kkumi. Wakati Environmental Protection Agency ili mukutobela muzeezo wakusola kweendelanya lukwabililo antoomwe alukwabililo lwabuvubi alukwabililo lwachisi, mpawo wakajana kuti bupati bwakulesyegwa ooku bulakulwaizya.
"Ndiyeya kuti ooku nkuzunda. Ooku nkuzunda kwababelesi," wakaamba Harrison, ooyo wakatola lubazu mukwiiya kwa 2021 kujatikizya lufwu luboola akaambo kamakemikalu. "Eezi zipa chikozyano chibotu chakusala akubikka njiisyo zyeendelana asayaansi iisalala... Tweelede kugwisya makemikalu aaya aakola mpawo tubelesye nzila zimbi zitakwe ntenda zikonzya kuchisa kwiinda kugwasya."
Ulakonzya kuyeeya kuti makemikalu teelede kusambalwa kumusika kunze kwakuti kwajanwa kuti takukwe ntenda. Asi tabusyi mbozibeleka nzila zyaku Amelika.
Kulibilika aatala akukwabililwa kwamakemikalu kwakapa kuti Nkuta Mpati ipe mulawu wa Toxic Substances Control Act mu 1976, walo wakabikka milawu imwi kumakemikalu. Pesi nzila eezyi zilabonwa kuti tazili kabotu pe, akupa kuti Environmental Protection Agency itakwe nguzu zyakuchita buvwuntauzi bupati bwakukwabilila. Ibbuku lya Federal Inventory, lyakasimbwa mu 1982, lyakalemba misamu iisika ku 62,000, mpawo mweelwe ooyu uyaabukomena.
Mu 2016, Nkuta Mpati yakachincha TSCA kuti izumizye Environmental Protection Agency kuti ichite buvwuntauzi bwa ntenda zyamakemikalu. Methylene chloride yakali penzi lyakusaanguna mbunga ndyakalanga.
"Nchicho nchotusola kubambulula TSCA," wakaamba Hitchcock, ooyo wakaabila maofesi aa congress kuvwuntauzya kwakusyomeka kwabantu muchiindi eecho mbuli zikozyanyo zipati zyakutachita zintu.
Ntaamu itobela mukulesyegwa kwa methylene chloride iyooba mazuba aali 60 aakuti bantu baambe nzyobayeeya. Bantu bayookonzya kwaamba nzyobayanda kujatikizya makanze aa EPA, alimwi basikwaambilizya lukwabililo bali mukubungana aatala apenzi eeli.
"Eeli nintaamu mpati yakuya kunembo kubuumi bwabantu boonse, pesi tazili zibi pe," Hitchcock wakaamba. Wakali kuyanda kubona twaambo "twakali kwiita Environmental Protection Agency kuti itambule milawu miyumu loko."
Harrison wakaamba kuti milawu yamakemikalu muUnited States yakaunka asyoonto-syoonto kusikila ma glacier akatalika kwiiinda. Asi wabona kuyaambele kuzwa mu 2016 TSCA niyakabambululwa. mulawu mupya wa methylene chloride umupa bulangilizi.
"Kuli misamu myiingi iikonzya kutobela kusala kwa US aatala a methylene chloride," wakaamba.
Kusyomeka kwabantu boonse takukwe mali mpawo takuzumini kwaambilizya aboobo mulimo wesu wakuvwuntauzya ulakonzya kugwasya kapati mukumanizya kutamvwana mu Amelika. Mulimu wesu ulakonzeka akaambo kalugwasyo lwabantu balimbuli nduwe.
Jamie Smith Hopkins mweendelezi asikulemba makani mupati ku Center for Public Integrity. Mulimu wakwe ulabikkilizya amilimo imwi ya Jamie Smith Hopkins.
Busena bwakusyomeka bwabantu boonse nimbunga iitavwoli mpindu iilanga-langa kutamvwanana mu Amelika. Tatuzumini kwaambilizya naakuti kubbadela bantu kuti babale milimu yesu.
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