Rayna Singhvi Jain ulaa ntenda ku nzuki. Kuchisa kupati kuulu kwakwe kwakapa kuti atabeleki kwamviki zili mbozibede.
Asi eecho tensi chakamulesya simakwebo wazyabukkale ulaamyaka yakuzyaligwa ilimakkumi obile (20) mumulimo wakwe wakuvwuna banyama aaba bayandikana, aabo mweelwe wazyo uuyaabuceya kwamakumi aamyaka.
Aali 75 pesenti yazilyo zyanyika ziyeeme, asyoonto buyo, kulibaabo bavwuzya mbuli nzuki. Kuwa kwazyo kulakonzya kuba ampindu mpati kuzyintu zyoonse zyesu. "Tuli aano sunu nkaambo kanzuki," Jane wakaamba. "Nzizyo musana wabweende bwesu bwabulimi, zisyango zyesu. Twalumba kuli mbabo tulajana chakulya."
Jane, mwana musimbi wabazwakule bazwa kuIndia bakakkala muConnecticut, waamba kuti bazyali bakwe bakamuyiisya kulumba buumi, nikuba buniini. Wakati kuti kakuli nswi mung'anda, bayoomwaambila kuti ayigwisye anze kuchitila kuti ipone.
Aboobo aawo Jane naakaswaya busena bwakubambila nzuki mu 2018 mpawo wakabona mulongo wa nzuki zifwide, wakaba aachiyandisyo chakuziba chakali kuchitika. Nzyaakajana zyakamugambya.
"Kumana kwa nzuki nchintu chiboola akaambo katwaambo totatwe: tuzunda, misamu iijaya tuzunda akulya kutali kabotu," wakaamba Samuel Ramsey, mufundisi wazyintu zipona ku Institute of Biological Frontiers ku University of Colorado Boulder.
Akati kama Ps otatwe, ikapati kapati nzintu zipona, Ramsey waamba, ikapati musyobo wamite wiitwa kuti Varroa. Yakasaanguna kujanwa mu Amelika mu 1987 mpawo lino ilakonzya kujanwa mumasena woonse muchisi.
Ramsey mukwiiya kwakwe wakabona kuti tuzunda ootu tulya zizo zyanzuki, akuzipa kuti kazikonzya kunjililwa tuzunda tumwi, akunyonganya nguzu zyabo zyakulwana malwazi akukonzya kubamba busani. Aaya ma parasite alakonzya kumwaya mavairasi aajaya, kunyonganya kuuluka, mpawo kumamanino kuleta lufu lwabantu boonse.
Kakulwaizigwa amuyiisyi wakwe wasayensi kuchikolo, Jain wakatalika kuyandaula nzila zyakumanizya bulwazi bwa varroa mite mumunyaka wakwe wakusaanguna. Nikwakainda kusola akulubizya, wakaboola a HiveGuard, 3D-printed notch yakavwumbidwe amusamu uutakwe tombe uutegwa thymol.
"Eelyo njuki noyiinda kumulyango, thymol ilasanzyigwa mumubili wa njuki mpawo kujaigwa kwamamanino kulajaya varroa mite pesi njuki tiiyakachiswa pe," Jane wakaamba.
Basikulela nzuki bali 2,000 bali mukusola kubelesya nzila eeyi kuzwa mumweezi wa Nsondo 2021, mpawo Jane uyanda kuchigwisya kumamanino amunyaka ooyu. Data njakayobolola kusikila lino itondezya kucheya kwa 70% kwakunjila kwa varroa mite nokwakainda nsondo zyotatwe kuzwa nikwakabikkwa kakunyina ntenda zyakaambwa.
Thymol azimwi misamu iijaya tuzunda zilimbuli oxalic acid, formic acid, antoomwe a hops zilabikkwa mukati kamuunda muzibeela naakuti mumabbodela muchiindi chakubamba. Alimwi kuli zintu zigwasya zyakupanga, eezyo kanjikanji zibeleka kabotu pesi zilakonzya kunyonyoona busena, Ramsey wakaamba. Ulalumba Jane abusongo bwakwe mukupanga chintu chikonzya kugwasya tuzunda mpawo kachikwabilila nzuki abusena kuzwa kuzintu zikonzya kuchisa.
Inzuki zyabuci zili akati kazisyango zibeleka obotu anyika. Lugwasyo lwabo luyandika kumisyobo yiinda ku 130 ya micelo, zisyumani alimwi anseke, kubikkilizya ama almondi, ma cranberry, zucchini alimwi ama avocado. Aboobo chiindi chiimbi kuti waluma apulo naa kunywa kkofi, zyoonse zilalumba kunzuki, mbwaamba Jane.
Chimwi chibeela chachakulya nchotulya chili muntenda nkaambo penzi lyachiimo chamulengalenga lilabikka muntenda buumi bwamapopwe anzuki
USDA yeezyeezya kuti muUnited States luzutu, nzuki zilasofwaazya zilyo zyamali aasika ku $15 billion amwaka. Bunji bwazisyango eezyi zilazyalana ababelesi babelesya nzuki ibapegwa muchisi choonse. Mbuli mbokuyaabudula kukwabilila mweelwe wa nzuki, milimo eeyi ayalo iladula, Ramsey wakaamba, akujatikizyigwa kutaluleme kumiulo yabasikuula.
Asi mbunga ya Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations yakachenjezya kuti ikuti mweelwe wa nzuki wazumanana kuseluka, ntenda mpati iyooba ntenda mpati kububotu bwazyakulya akukwabililwa.
HiveGuard ninzila imwi Jane njabelesya mizeezo yamakwebo kugwasya nzuki. Mu 2020, wakatalisya inkamu ya misamu iigwasya mubili ya Queen Bee, eeyo iisambala zyakunywa zigwasya mubili zijisi zintu zipangwa kuzwa ku nzuki mbuli buci a royal jelly. Ibbodela lyoonse lisambalwa lilasyangwa musamu uutegwa pollinator kwiinda mu Trees for the Future, mbunga iitavwoli mali iibeleka amikwasyi yabalimi mu Afulika nkoili kunsi aa Sahara.
"Bulangilizi bwangu bupati bwabusena mbwakuti tupilusye kweendelana akupona muluumuno azilenge," Jane wakaamba.
Usyoma kuti zilakonzeka, asi ziyooyandika kuyeeya antoomwe. "Bantu balakonzya kwiiya zinji kuzwa kunzuki mbuli nzila yakuyanzana abantu," wakayungizya.
"Mbuti mbobakali kukonzya kubeleka antoomwe, mbuli mbobakali kukonzya kupa manguzu akuti bakali kukonzya biyeni kulyaaba kuti chisi chisumpuke."
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