Aaka kaano kakamwaigwa mukubelekela antoomwe a Center for Public Integrity, mbunga iitavwoli mali iilanga-langa kutamvwana.
samba. kubikka atala. nchinga. Kevin Hartley, Drew Wynn, a Joshua Atkins bakali kubeleka milimu yiindene aawo nibakafwa kakwiindide myezi iitasiki kukkumi, pesi kaambo kakapa kuti bafwe nkali lyomwe: musamu wakali mupenti uuteteete azintu zimwi zyakali kusambalwa mumatoolo muchisi choonse.
Mubuumba bwabo akuyoowa, mukwasyi wakakonkezya kuchita zyoonse nzyobakonzya kuchitila kuti musamu wa methylene chloride utajayi alimwi.
Asi mu US, nkaambo kakuti kuli makani aatali kabotu aakukwabilila babelesi abasikuula, zigambya nzyakuti ma kkemikkalu masyoonto ngaakajana ntenda eeyo. Mbombubo methylene chloride mbwaakaba sikujaya bantu biingi, nikuba kuti kwakali kuchenjezegwa aatala a ntenda zyabusi bwawo kaindi Hartley, Wynn, a Atkins kabatanazyalwa. Makumi, ikuti kakutali kwiinda waawo, bakajaigwa mumakumi aamyaka yainda kakunyina kugwasyigwa abamwi.
Musule akuvwuntauzya kwakachitwa a Center for Public Integrity akulomba kuzwa kuli basikwaambilizya lukwabililo, US Environmental Protection Agency kumamanino yakapa muzeezo wakukasya kubelesya kwayo mukugusya penti.
Lyakali mwezi waBweembo 2017, mazuba aamamanino aabweendelezi bwaObama. Hartley wakafwa mu mwezi wa 4 mumunyaka ooyo, Wynn mu mwezi wa kkumi mumunyaka ooyo, Atkins mu mwezi wabili mumunyaka wakatobela akataa bweendelezi bwa Trump bwakugwisya milawu, mpawo bweendelezi bwa Trump buyanda kugwisya milawu, kutali kwiiyungizya, ikapati ku Environmental Protection Agency. Muzeezo wa methylene chloride tiiwakazwidilila pe.
Nokuba boobo, nokwakainda myezi ilikkumi atutatu kuzwa nikwakafwa Atkins, mbunga yaTrump Environmental Protection Agency, nkaambo kakusinikizyigwa, yakayeeya kuti ilesye kusambalwa kwamapenti aajisi methylene chloride. Mumwezi wa 4, mbunga ya Biden yakukwabilila busena yakakankaizya kuti musamu ooyu ulesyegwe kuzintu zyoonse nzyobaula bantu amumasena manji aakubelekela.
"Tatuchiti pe eezi mu US," wakaamba Dr. Robert Harrison, mufundisi wabusilisi bwakubeleka abusena ku Yunivesiti yaku California, San Francisco. "Mikwasyi eyi mbabasikalumamba bangu."
Mboobu mbobakazwidilila kuti bajane mpindu eezyi, alulayo lwabo kuti koli munzila njiyonya iikatazya, nikuba kuti bukkale oobo bujatikizya zintu zikonzya kuleta ntenda, bukkale bwakubeleka butakwabilidwe, kusofwaala, naa ntenda zimwi.
"Google zyoonse," wakaamba Brian Wynn, ooyo munyina Drew wamyaka yakuzyaligwa ilimakkumi otatwe aumwi wakaula musamu wa dichloromethane kuti abambulule chiyobwedo chakwe chakofi chakutontola muSouth Carolina. "Alimwi akulomba kubantu."
Mboobu mbwaakaiya aatala akuvwuntauzya kwabantu boonse kwakasimbwa myaaka yobile katanafwa munyina, wakaswaangana abasyaazibwene akwiiya zyoonse kuzwa aawo mpokukonzya kuula zyakulya kusikila kuli kaambo lufwu oolu ncolukatazya kujana. (Busi bwa methylene chloride bulajaya aawo nobuvwula mukati, mpawo nguzu zyabo zyakuleta bulwazi bwamoyo bulibonya mbuli lufu lwachilengwaleza kuti kakunyina muntu uuchita masunko aakubelesya misamu iikola.)
Malayilile kuzwa kuli banyina Kevin, Wendy Hartley: "Lwiiyo" ndibbala lipati mukuyandaula. Kulakonzya kuba buvwuntauzi bunji buli kulindila nduwe. "Eezi zilagwasya kwaandaanya mizeezo kuzwa kuli kasimpe," mbwaakalemba mu email.
Lauren Atkins, banyina Joshua, 31, ooyo wakafwa naakali kusola kubambulula foloko yakumbele yabbasiketi lyakwe lya BMX, wakaambuula a UCSF Harrison ziindi zyiingi. Mumwezi wabili 2018, wakajana mwanaakwe musankwa kafwide kafwide afwaafwi achibiya cha penti.
Luzibo lwa Harrison lwa methylene chloride lwakamugwasya kusandulula malipooti aamwana wakwe musankwa aakuvwuntauzya mubili wakwe kuti abe kaambo keni-keni kakapa kuti afwe. Ooku kusalala nchintu chiyumu chakuchita.
Kanjikanji, kujatikizyigwa amakemikalu kulachedesya ntenda kubantu, akupa kuti kube ntenda zitakonzyi kuboneka kwamyaka myiingi. Kusofwaazya kulakonzya kuba makani aakozyenye. Asi buvwuntauzi bwalwiiyo nchintu chibotu chakutalikila kuti koyanda kuti mfwulumende ichite chimwi chintu aatala antenda eezyi.
Kaambo kapati kakapa kuti bazwidilile nkakuti mikwasyi eeyi iliswaangene atubunga tulikubeleka kale aatala akukwabilila misamu alimwi baliswaangene.
Mbuli chitondeezyo, Lauren Atkins wakajana lugwalo lwakulomba a Change.org aatala azintu zya methylene chloride kuzwa kukabunga ka Safer Chemicals Healthy Families, lino ncibeela cha Toxin-Free Future, mpawo wakasaina mukulemeka mwanaakwe musankwa wakafwa. Brian Wynn wakafwambaana kutandabika janza lyakwe.
Kubelekela antoomwe kugwasya nguzu zyabo. Kakwiina ntaamu ya EPA, mikwasyi eeyi tayeelede kutalika lubo kusinikizya basambazi kuti bagwisye zintu mumashelufu aabo: Mikwasyi iijisi misamu iitakwe ntenda yakatalisya mulimo wa "Think Store" mukwiingula lwiito oolu.
Alimwi tabayandiki kuzyiba milimo yamukati yakubamba milawu ya dipatimenti naakuti kusungwaazya ku Capitol Hill lwabo beni. Makemikalu aatakwe ntenda Mikwasyi iijisi buumi bubotu antoomwe a Environmental Defense Fund balijisi luzibo muchibaka eechi.
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Kujana mwaambo aatala akusanduka kwachiimo chamulengalenga Heather McTeer Toney ulwanina bululami bwabusena kumusanza
"Eelyo nokonzya kubikka antoomwe kabunga kaliboobu... ulaanguzu zini-zini," wakaamba Brian Wynn, kaamba kabunga ka Natural Resources Defense Council, kabunga kambi kabeleka aatala apenzi eeli.
Tabali boonse bayandisya kulwana ooku bayookonzya kutola lubazu lwabuleya mulinjiyo. Mbuli chitondeezyo, bazwakule batakwe zyeelelo zyamulawu zitamani bali muntenda mpati yakujana ntenda kumulimu, mpawo kubula zyeelelo kulakonzya kupa kuti chikatazye naakuti chikachilwe kuli mbabo kwaambuula.
Chakutamvwisisisya, kuti mikwasyi eeyi yabikkila maanu ku Environmental Protection Agency, mbunga eeyi ilakonzya kutabeleka, ikapati muchiindi chabweendelezi bwa Trump.
Kwiinda mu Mind the Store, bali mukulomba basambazi kuti bafwutule maumi kwiinda mukutasambala zintu zigwisya penti zijisi methylene chloride. Kulomba akukazya kwakabeleka. Chimwi achimwi, makkampani aali mbuli Home Depot a Walmart bakazuminana kuti baleke.
Kwiinda mukubelesya makemikalu aatakwe ntenda, mikwasyi iili kabotu antoomwe amali aakwabilila busena, bali mukulomba mbunga ya Congress kuti babweze ntaamu. Bakayinka kuWashington achifanikisyo chamukwasyi. Bakaambuula abasikumwaya makani, mpawo makani aaya akabasungwaazya loko.
Baseneta bazwa kuSouth Carolina amwi waba Congress bakalembela Scott Pruitt, ooyo wakali mweendelezi waEnvironmental Protection Agency. Umwi wabaabo bali mu Nkuta Mpati wakakulwaizya Pruitt kuti azwe mukubandika makani aaya muchiindi chakubetekwa mu April 2018. Zyoonse eezyi, kweendelanya a Brian Wynn, zyakagwasya mikwasyi kubamba muswaangano a Pruitt mu May 2018.
"Basikukwabilila bakagambwa nkaambo taakwe wakaunka kuyoomubona," Brian Wynn wakaamba. "Cili mbuli kuswaangana a Oz mupati alimwi singuzu."
Munzila, mikwasyi yakaunka kunkuta. Bakabelesya nzila zyakukambaukila bantu kuchenjezya bantu kuti batabikki muntenda. Lauren Atkins wakayinka kuchintoolo chazibelesyo zyakubelesya mumaanda kuti abone lwakwe mwini kuti naa bakachita ncobeni ncobakali kwaamba kuti bakali kuchita kuti zintu zya methylene chloride zigwisigwe mumashelufu. (Chimwi chiindi inzya, chimwi chiindi peepe.)
Kuti zyoonse eezi kazimvwikaanga zilakatazya, tolilubide pe. Asi mikwasyi yakapandulula antangalala kuti ninzi chiyoochitika kuti tiibakanjilila.
"Kunyina chiyoochitwa," wakaamba Lauren Atkins, "mbuli kunyina chakachitwa chiindi."
Kuzunda kusyoonto kulavwula. Chimwi chintu chisololela kulichimwi nkaambo mukwasyi tauleki pe. Kanjikanji kuzuminana kwachiindi chilamfu kulayandika: kubamba milawu yafulumende kulafwambaana.
Zilakonzya kutola myaaka myiingi naa kwiinda aawo kuti mbunga imanizye buvwuntauzi buyandika kuti kube mulawu. Muzeezo ooyu wakeelede kwiinda mumapenzi katanamanizyigwa. Nokuba boobo, kufumbwa zisinkilizyo naakuti ziyandikana zipya zilakonzya kuboneka asyoonto-asyoonto mukuya kwachiindi.
Eecho chakapa kuti mikwasyi ijane kukasya kwa EPA chakufwambaana nkakuti mbunga yakagwisya makanze aaya kaitana gwisya. Pesi mulawu wa EPA tiiwakatalika kubeleka kusikila myaka yobile acisela kuzwa lufu lwa Kevin Hartley. Alimwi tababikkilizyi kubelesya kubusena bwakubelekela – mbuli Kevin wamyaka yakuzyaligwa ilimakkumi obile aumwi uusobana achimbuzi kumulimu.
Nokuba boobo, mbunga ilakonzya kusala zintu zisiyene kweendelanya akuti nguni weendelezya. Muzeezo mupya wa EPA, wakabambilwa mwezi wa Nsondo 2024, wakali kuyookasya kubelesya methylene chloride mumasena manji aakubelekela, kubikkilizya akubamba bbafa.
"Weelede kukkazika moyo. Weelede kuzumanana," wakaamba Lauren Atkins. "Eelyo nozichitika mubuumi bwamuntu umwi, ikapati nikuba bana bako, ulajana. Chili mukuchitika lino."
Kuchincha kwakweenzya nchintu chiyumu. Kuyandaula kuchincha nkaambo nduwe naakuti muyandwa wako wakachisa kulakonzya kuyumu, nikuba kuti kulakonzya kupa luumbulizyo lutakonzyi kuchitwa aambi.
Kobamba nkaambo eechi chiyooba ntenda yamumizeezo, Lauren Atkins wakachenjezya. "Bantu bandibuzya chiindi choonse kuti nkamboonzi ndizumanana kuchita ezi, nikuba kuti zilakatazya mumizeezo alimwi zilakatazya? Bwiinguzi bwangu bwakali bwakuti: "Aboobo toyelede kukkala mubusena bwangu. Tandiyandi pe kuba aawo mpondibede.”
"Ino ulimvwa biyeni kuti wasweekelwa chisela chako? Chimwi chiindi ndibona kuti moyo wakwe wakaima mubuzuba mbubonya mbuli bwangu," mbwaakaamba. "Pesi mbuli mbonditayandi kuti umwi ainde muli eechi, tandiyandi kuti umwi asweekelwe nzyaakasweekelwa Joshua, mpawo eecho ncechiyandisyo changu. Ndililibambilide kuchita kufumbwa ncondiyanda."
Brian Wynn, awalo wakakulwaizyigwa, wakapa chiindi chakumana penzi lyakukataazikana kuti akugwasye kumanizya musinzo wako. Busena bwakunyanyaasya mubili mbwakwe. "Weelede kujana nzila yakugwisya kulimvwa kwako," wakaamba.
Wendy Hartley usyoma kuti kuchita mulimu nkuponya kwiinda mukugwasyigwa amikwasyi imwi azintu nzyobajana antoomwe.
Mbuli sikupa zizo, mwanaakwe musankwa wakaba aampindu mubuumi bwabamwi. Nchintu chibotu kubona zyintu nzyaakachita kazimwaika mumashelufu aamakwebo amumaofesi aamfwulumende.
"Kevin wakavwuna maumi manji," wakalemba, "mpawo uyoozumanana kufutula maumi kwamyaka iiboola."
Kuti koli mukusungilizya kuti kube kuchincha, nchuubauba kuyeeya kuti basikugwasilizya aabo babbadelela kuti zintu zizumanane kubako bayoozunda lyoonse. Asi luzibo lwako mubuumi lulaabulemu butakonzyi kuula.
"kuti kozyi kwaambila makani aako, mpawo ncibeela chabuumi bwako, mpawo ulakonzya kuchita - mpawo kuti wakonzya kwaambila makani aayo, ube acoolwe, sikukulwaizya," wakaamba Brian Wayne. "Twakaboola aluyandisisyo aluyando lutakonzyi kweezyanisyigwa."
Malayilile aa Wendy Hartley: "Utayoowi pe kutondezya mbomulimvwa." Amubandike aatala akujatikizyigwa kuli nduwe amukwasyi wako. "Kobatondezya luyando lwabo beni azifwoto."
"Myaka iili musanu aimwi yakainda, ikuti umwi naakaamba kuti, 'Ikuti wakoongolola loko, fulumende ilakuswiilila,' nindakali kuseka," wakaamba Lauren Atkins. "Koyeyela biyeni? Ivooti lyomwe lilakonzya kuchita mpindu. Ndiyeya kuti ncibeela chachikono chamwanaangu musankwa."
Jamie Smith Hopkins ngusikulemba makani ku Center for Public Integrity, mbunga iitavwoli mali iivwuntauzya kutamvwana.